- 4楼 Re:[求助]锂电池运输 2006-02-06 23:39:33.0
- Below please find the summary of the effect of a fire being ignited by an improper packaged lithium battery shipment:
"-A relatively small fire was sufficient to start a primary lithium battery fire. The outer plastic coating easily melted and fused adjacent batteries together and then ignites. This helped to raise the battery temperature to the self-ignition temperature of lithium. Once the lithium in a single battery began to burn, it released enough energy to ignite adjacent batteries. This propagation continued until all batteries were consumed.
-Halon 1301, the fire suppression agent installed in transport category aircraft, was ineffective in suppressing or extinguishing a primary lithium battery fire. Batteries that were not involved in the initial fire can still be ignite due to the high temperature in a cargo compartment that had been suppressed by Halon 131 which is still above the autoignition temperature of the batteries.
-Burning non-rechargeable lithium batteries could result in molten lithium penetrating the cargo compartment liner or raise air pressure levels high enough to break through the cargo compartment panels, allowing the fire to spread beyond the cargo compartment to other parts of the aircraft. "
Due to the possible adverse effect of the batteries shipment which are carelessly handled , Head Office Cargo Services is going to implement new procedure with immediate effect to inspect the correctness of the packing condition of batteries shipments to ensure compliance of the safety standard. Please find the detail below:
1/. Inspection of batteries shipments" contents and packing conditions must be perＦＯＲＭed by her ground handling agent during cargo acceptance. The check must include at least 10% of the individual packaged content of the shipment tendered for carriage or more of the percentage. By requesting shippers to open up the individual packing of shipment for verification of the insulation of the batteries.
2/. Extent of checking:
a) Batteries shipments such as " Dry Batteries", " Ion Cell Batteries" etc., shipped as not restricted cargoes.
b) Shipments of Lithium Batteries satisfying special provision A45 under ICAO Technical Instruction(TI) which can be transported as "Not-Restricted" cargo.
Note: i). Lithium battery shipments not satisfying Special Provision A45 must be transported as Dangerous Goods and to be checked according to DG checklist and acceptance procedure.
ii) All other lithium battery consignments that are not in compliance with TI are forbidden for transport.
3/. Guidelines for checking :
Inspection of the Batteries shipments should include to examine the packing of the batteries with no sign of leakage and ensure that such batteries must be packed in inner packagings as to effectively prevent short circuit and to prevent movement which could lead to short circuit.
4/. Records of the physical checking must be log down for reference. A special checklist has been designed for the convenience of perＦＯＲＭing the inspection as well as for audit purpose. It is attached below for your reference.
Please also find the attached sample of shippers" letter of packing certification of batteries shipment to produce together with the Air waybill documents.
5/. Shipment should be rejected for carriage if the packing of the batteries were found non conＦＯＲＭance to the packing standard requirement as indicated in point 3 above. [这个贴子最后由 firepoint 在 2006-08-01 13:29:57 重新编辑]
- 25楼 Re:[求助]锂电池运输 2008-04-28 03:26:45.0
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术语
单体电池(cell)
是指单一的封闭的电化学装置（一个正极和一个负极），其两个电极之间有电位差。
电池(battery)
是指以固定方式连接在一起的一个或多个单体电池，包括外壳、接头和标记。
原型样品锂单体电池或锂电池(prototype lithium cell or battery)
是指未经过测试的锂单体电池或锂电池。
一次性锂单体电池或锂电池（primary lithium cell or battery）
是指设计成不能充电或不能再充电的锂单体电池或锂电池。
可再充电锂单体电池或锂电池(rechargeble lithium cell or battery)
是指设计成能再充电的单体电池或电池。
锂离子单体电池或锂电池(lithium ion cell or battery)
是指可再充电的电化学单体电池或电池，其正、负电极材料都是插入化合物（插入的锂以离子形态或准原子形态存在于电极材料晶格中），两个电极都不存在金属态锂。利用锂离子化学性质的锂聚合物单体电池和电池在本规章中当作锂离子单体电池和电池处理。
锂含量(lithium content)
适用于锂金属和锂合金单体电池和电池。单体电池的锂含量是指锂金属或锂合金单体电池阳极中的锂质量，对于一次性单体电池，锂含量是在单体电池未放电的状态下测量的；对于可再充电单体电池，锂含量是在单体电池完全充电的状态下测量的。电池的锂含量等于电池各组成单体电池的锂含量克数之和。
锂当量含量(lithium-equivalent content)
适用于锂离子单体电池和电池。单体电池的锂当量含量按以安培小时为单位的单体电池额定电容量乘以0.3计算，乘积用克表示。电池的锂当量含量等于电池各组成单体电池的锂当量含量克数之和。
合计锂含量(aggregate lithium content)
是指组成电池的各个单体电池的锂含量或锂当量含量克数之和。
- 26楼 Re:[求助]锂电池运输 2008-04-28 03:28:59.0
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IATA DGR
A45
交运的锂单体电池和锂电池如果符合如下条件，不受本规则其他条款的限制：
（a)对于金属锂单体电池或锂合金单体电池，锂含量不超过1g；对于锂离子单体电池，锂当量含量不超过1.5g。
（b)对于金属锂电池或锂合金电池，合计锂含量不超过2g；对于锂离子电池，合计锂当量含量不超过8g。
（c)每个型号的单体电池及电池，经测试证明符合联合国《危险货物运输建议书-试验和标准手册》第III部分38.3条的所有测试要求。
（d）除非安装在设备中，单体电池及电池必须隔开以防短路，并装于坚固的外包装内。
（e）除非安装在设备中，如果每个包装件内超过24个单体电池或12个电池，还应满足以下要求：
（i）每个包装件必须用标记说明内含锂电池及包装件破损时应采取的特殊措施。
（ii）每票货必须有随机文件来说明包装件中装有锂电池及包装件破损时应采取的措施。
（iii)每个包装件必须能承受任何取向的1.2m的跌落试验， 而不损坏包装件内的单体电池或电池，并且没有改变包装件内单体电池或电池的位置，以至单体电池之间或电池之间互相接触，或有电池自包装件中漏出。
（iv)每个包装件的毛重不得超过30kg，除非锂电池和设备包装在一起。
上述及规则中其他地方用到的“锂含量”，是指金属锂单体电池或锂合金单体电池的阳极上具有的锂的质量；而对于锂离子单体电池，“锂当量含量”克数的计算方法是按以安培小时为单位的额定容量乘以0.3计算的。
A48不必进行包装试验。
A88待测试的原型锂电池及锂单体电池，每个包装件内不超过24个锂单体电池或12个锂电池，没有按联合国《危险货物运输建议书-试验和标准手册》第III部分38.3节的要求进行过测试的，如果经始发国主管当局的批准并且满足如下条件，可以用货机运输。
（a） 单体电池及电池必须装入符合I级包装要求的金属、塑料或胶合板桶或金属、塑料或木箱内进行运输。
（b） 每个单体电池及电池在装入外包装之前必须单独装入内包装，周围用不燃性的绝缘材料衬垫。单体电池及电池必须做防止短路的保护。
A99锂单体电池及电池已经通过联合国《危险物品运输试验和标准手册》的第III部分38.3节要求的测试，且其包装符合包装说明903的要求，如果经始发国主管当局批准，并将一份该文件随机，可以运输每个毛重超过35kg的锂电池或电池组，不必考虑表4.2指定的数量限制。
